{"id":857,"date":"2019-09-12T12:22:51","date_gmt":"2019-09-12T07:22:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maldives.lareef.net\/?page_id=857"},"modified":"2020-02-25T10:26:19","modified_gmt":"2020-02-25T05:26:19","slug":"climate-change","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/stem.climate.mv\/index.php\/climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate Change"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"857\" class=\"elementor elementor-857\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e14d521 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"e14d521\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a51c0bf elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"a51c0bf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b30381e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b30381e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Climate Change<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-effd6d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"effd6d2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0666591 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"0666591\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-622c491 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"622c491\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9fcdf4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"f9fcdf4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adcb21a elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"adcb21a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f812055 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f812055\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Impacts of Climate Change<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-284b9bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"284b9bd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83288a2 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"83288a2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dc9c50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2dc9c50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><ul><li>Sea-level rise<\/li><li>Inundation<\/li><li>Shoreline change<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95af809 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"95af809\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84e0a2e elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"84e0a2e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b19c19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6b19c19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vulnerability to Climate Change<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2e703c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"a2e703c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f73cfa elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"1f73cfa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be5fab9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be5fab9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p>The small size and low-lying nature of the Maldivian islands make the island nation system highly exposed and sensitive to climate change impacts. The vulnerability assessment for the SNC identified eight areas of vulnerability.<\/p><p><strong>Critical Infrastructure &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Critical Infrastructures such as utility services, hospitals, transport and communication Infrastructures and waste management centres are located within very close proximity to coastline. These infrastructures are exposed to coastal hazards such as sea swells, storm surges and related coastal flooding.\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Water Resources &#8211; <\/strong>Inundation models further identified the increased risk of salinizing of the groundwater.<\/p><p><strong>Land loss, Beach Erosion and Human Settlements &#8211; <\/strong>With about 80% of islands being lower than one meter above the mean sea level, the islands of the Maldives are extremely vulnerable to climate change and its associated impacts, particularly sea level rise.\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Coral Reefs &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>The most critical impact on coral reefs are due to the increase in sea surface temperature (SST).<\/p><p><strong>Agriculture and Food Security &#8211; <\/strong>Limited agricultural production, heavy import dependency, limitations in storage and challenges in the distribution of food across the nation are major threats to national food security. The small size of islands and limited freshwater availability limit local agricultural production. Extreme weather events further exacerbate this vulnerability, especially when flooding due to surges or sea swells and high waves impact the freshwater lens.<\/p><p><strong>Human Health &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Climate change will have direct and indirect impact on human health. In Maldives heat and extreme weather events, especially floods due to heavy rainfall have direct health impacts. Indirect health effects of climate change include secondary effects caused by changes in ecology and social systems. Vector borne diseases are the most prominent indirect impacts on the human health for the Maldives. Vector borne diseases such as Dengue, Chikungunya and Scrub typhus are vector borne diseases of immediate concern due to changing climate.<\/p><p><strong>Fisheries &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Changes in sea surface temperature and ocean pH are the main factors likely to affect fisheries in the Maldives. The Maldives fisheries is predominantly dependent on tuna fisheries. Tuna fishery of the Maldives is affected by the seasonal monsoon and other oceanographic variations.\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Tourism &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>As the sea, sand and sun is a major pull factor for tourists to visit the Maldives, the tourism product is highly vulnerable to effects of climate change. The major climate change impacts on the Maldives tourism sector include impacts due to increased temperatures, increased extreme events, sea level and SST rise and changes to marine biodiversity.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eaf3bc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eaf3bc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Reference<\/span><\/p><p>MEE, (2016). Second National Communication of Maldives to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: Ministry of Environment and Energy<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32764e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"32764e2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00b1d50 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"00b1d50\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abd0ef3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"abd0ef3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Climate Variability<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-868a503 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"868a503\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7db206 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"d7db206\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24e38c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"24e38c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"climatevariability\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f098c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f098c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><h2><strong>What is Madden Julian Oscillation?<\/strong><\/h2><p>The Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) is an eastward moving wave-like large pressure disturbance near the equator that recurs typically in 30 to 60 day intervals that initiates west of Maldives. This phenomenon was first discovered by Roland Madden and Paul Julian in 1971. The wave traverses the planet in tropics at a approximate speed of 4- 8 m\/s in the atmosphere. Due to this progression, rainfall is enhanced and suppressed in various parts of the tropics based on the location of the wave.<\/p><h2><strong>MJO Impact on the Rainfall of The Maldives<\/strong><\/h2><p>As the MJO propagates anomalous rainfall is observed in various parts of the world. Even if the wave is in another region the MJO might still has an influence on the rainfall of a particular region. In order to find out the impact of the MJO on the rainfall of the Maldives the relationship between wind, rainfall anomaly and MJO Phase was studied for different seasons (Jan-Mar, Apr-Jun, Jul-Sep, Oct-Dec). The anomaly is the departure from the long-term average when the MJO phase is in a given phase. The maps below show the anomaly at tropical Indian Ocean region.<\/p><p>A significant relationship between the MJO and the rainfall of the Maldives was found. In Hanimadhoo in the north, there is a significant relationship between the rainfall and the MJO throughout the entire MJO cycle. In Hulhule the relationship is statistically significant except in phases 4 and 8. The rainfall- MJO relationship is statistically non significant in phases 3 and 8 in southern islands Gan and Kadhdhoo. The highest enhancement in rainfall throughout the Maldives is when the MJO is in Phase 2 and the highest suppression is when the MJO is in phases 5 and 6. Further studies show that there is a seasonal impact of the MJO on the rainfall in the Maldives. During July to September the impact of the MJO on the rainfall is relativelylow compared to the other months of the\u00a0year. There are methods to project the phase of the MJO which can be used to estimate the enhancement or the suppression of rainfall due to the MJO.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0b3dfe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"c0b3dfe\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39944a7 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"39944a7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8577a4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8577a4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><h2><strong>El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a Influences on the Cllimate of Maldives<\/strong><\/h2><p>The El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a are naturally occurring phenomena where the interaction between the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the atmosphere results in a coupled variation of sea surface temperatures (SST) over the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and the east- west atmospheric oscillation. The SST over the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean is an index for the intensity of this phenomena. Based on this index 3 ENSO phases are defined. They are El Ni\u00f1o, La Ni\u00f1a and Neutral. The atmospheric circulation is referred to as Walker Circulation or Southern Oscillation and are illustrated by the Walker Circulation Schematics.<\/p><h2><strong>Rainfall Climatology in El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a phases<\/strong><\/h2><p>In Hulhule, an El Nino enhances rainfall in May and October to December while a La Ni\u00f1a enhances rainfall in March and suppresses rainfall in October to December.<\/p><p>El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a affects Gan in southern Maldives in a more complicated way. A La Ni\u00f1a suppresses rainfall in Gan in March as well as May to November and enhances rainfall in April. An El Ni\u00f1o enhances rainfall in March. There is an unusual peak in the rainfall in October when the phase is neutral.<\/p><p>The impact of El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a on rainfall depends on the season and the region. The Maldives has nearly 1200 islands spread in a vast area (from the equator to 8<sup>0<\/sup> N). In northern islands a La Ni\u00f1a has a higher impact on rainfall than an El Ni\u00f1o. In central islands El Ni\u00f1o\/ La Ni\u00f1a impact is highest during October to December. Rainfall is mostly suppressed during a La Ni\u00f1a in southern islands. Generally most of the time an El Nino is associated with the enhancement of rainfall throughout the Maldives.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bcfc89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"8bcfc89\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c40bbb elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"5c40bbb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e11d3e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e11d3e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Climate Monitoring <\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f306c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8f306c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/fectmv.blogspot.com\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/stem.climate.mv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/FECTMaldives_Report_3-8-2019_2_pages-to-jpg-0001-232x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stem.climate.mv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/FECTMaldives_Report_3-8-2019_2_pages-to-jpg-0001-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/stem.climate.mv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/FECTMaldives_Report_3-8-2019_2_pages-to-jpg-0001-768x994.jpg 768w, https:\/\/stem.climate.mv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/FECTMaldives_Report_3-8-2019_2_pages-to-jpg-0001-791x1024.jpg 791w, https:\/\/stem.climate.mv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/FECTMaldives_Report_3-8-2019_2_pages-to-jpg-0001.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-749e77d elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"749e77d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"climatemonitoring\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0d12cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0d12cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FECT has been providing weekly hydro-meteorological advisories for the Maldives since 2011. The advisory reviews and interprets weekly to seasonal monitored climate and predictions from 3-days to 6 months ahead from various agencies and scientists including our own.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The weekly report consists of two parts namely Monitoring and Predictions. Monitoring Includes Daily Satellite Derived Rainfall Estimates, Monthly Rainfall derived from Satellite Rainfall Estimate, Monthly and Seasonal Monitoring Predictions\u00a0and\u00a0Ocean Surface Monitoring. Rainfall Predictions include Weekly Predictions from NOAA\/NCEP and Seasonal Predictions from International Research Institute.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This report is prepared Foundation for Environment, Climate and Technology, Maldives Meteorological Service, and Columbia University.<\/p><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rainfall Monitoring<\/li><\/ol><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Satellite derived Rainfall Estimates<\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monthly Rainfall derived from Satellite Rainfall Estimate<\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monthly and Seasonal Monitoring<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ol start=\"2\"><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ocean Surface Monitoring<\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rainfall Predictions<\/li><\/ol><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weekly Predictions from NOAA\/NCEP<\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seasonal Predictions from IRI<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This report is accessible at<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-763de06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"763de06\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a396260 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"a396260\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1651864 elementor-button-info elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1651864\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/fectmv.blogspot.com\/\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Climate Bulletin <\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4ab78f elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"e4ab78f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-588dee8 elementor-button-info elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"588dee8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/fectmv\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">FECT Maldives Twitter <\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-166f064 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"166f064\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39f9ea1 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"39f9ea1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-695b786 elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"695b786\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6c746f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"d6c746f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce3a5d elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"5ce3a5d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2273935 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-custom_html\" data-id=\"2273935\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-custom_html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-squared green1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" style=\"background-color: transparent;width:100%;padding:5px\" href=\"https:\/\/stem.climate.mv\/index.php\/climate-and-water\/\"><strong><h3>Climatology<br><\/strong><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b07adc elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"9b07adc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-347b471 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"347b471\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a92d0c0 elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"a92d0c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-512c959 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-custom_html\" data-id=\"512c959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-custom_html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-squared green1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" style=\"background-color: transparent;width:100%;padding:5px\" href=\"https:\/\/stem.climate.mv\/index.php\/weather-climate-variability-and-climate-change-lareef-zubair-international-research-institute-for-climate-prediction\/\"><strong><h3>Terminology <br><\/strong><\/a><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cce4766 elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"cce4766\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-515f699 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"515f699\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10f4251 elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"10f4251\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-302a0ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-custom_html\" data-id=\"302a0ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-custom_html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-squared green1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" style=\"background-color: transparent;width:100%;padding:5px\" href=\"https:\/\/stem.climate.mv\/index.php\/climate-change\/\"><strong> <h3>Climate Change<br><\/strong><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05ad602 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"05ad602\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d1e25a elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"4d1e25a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b55e55f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b55e55f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb7db5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"fb7db5e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80e18e8 elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"80e18e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd98334 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-custom_html\" data-id=\"dd98334\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-custom_html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-squared green1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" style=\"background-color: transparent;width:100%;padding:5px\" href=\"https:\/\/stem.climate.mv\/index.php\/stations\/\"><strong><h3>Weather<br><\/strong><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53c5a01 elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"53c5a01\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bcd3c2 elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"9bcd3c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-176001b elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"176001b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53945bb elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"53945bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee0c315 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\" data-id=\"ee0c315\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84061c7 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column\" data-id=\"84061c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap  elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e273a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5e273a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Climate Change Impacts of Climate Change Sea-level rise Inundation Shoreline change Vulnerability to Climate Change The small size and low-lying nature of the Maldivian islands make the island nation system highly exposed and sensitive to climate change impacts. The vulnerability assessment for the SNC identified eight areas of vulnerability. Critical Infrastructure &#8211;\u00a0Critical Infrastructures such as &#8230; <a title=\"Climate Change\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/stem.climate.mv\/index.php\/climate-change\/\">Read more <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Climate Change<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v14.4.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Climate Change - STEM Education in Maldives<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"googlebot\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"bingbot\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stem.climate.mv\/index.php\/climate-change\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Climate Change - STEM Education in Maldives\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Climate Change Impacts of Climate Change Sea-level rise Inundation Shoreline change Vulnerability to Climate Change The small size and low-lying nature of the Maldivian islands make the island nation system highly exposed and sensitive to climate change impacts. The vulnerability assessment for the SNC identified eight areas of vulnerability. Critical Infrastructure &#8211;\u00a0Critical Infrastructures such as ... 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